"Investments" this is the process of applying resources so as to growth wealth. Investment may take the form of directly holding and using assets. For some assets such as direct investment is onerous, limited in liquidity and size, and requires close involvement by the investor. These problems make directly holding such assets risky. Therefore, investors using this direct form of investment demand higher return and are unwilling to undertake anover ventures. Economic growth would be slow, if it were the only form of investments. Many of these problems can be avoided or decreased by indirect investment through "securities".
Generally, in the capacity of investments may be: securities (equity securities); bonds (government, municipal, corporate);
derivative securities; money market securities; mortgage-backed securities; futures and forward contracts; and other kinds of investments.
 Institutional investors are the mutual funds, retirement funds, insurance companies, investment banks, endowment funds, commercial trusts, hedge funds, and some hedge fund investors, which are financially sophisticated and makes large investments, often held in large portfolios of investments. Non-institutional investors are any investors that aren't institutional. Institutional investors account for half part of the volume of trades on the New York Stock Exchange.
Institutional Investors
 Investment management comprises a broad spectrum of topics ranging from the workings of capital markets, to valuation of financial securities, to the construction of portfolios of assets to meet the objectives of investors. Investment itself can be considered any activity that requires the commitment of current wealth to some set of specified assets for the purpose of enhancing future wealth. These assets can be either real, such as gold, art, real estate, or financial, e.g stocks, bonds. The enhancement of future wealth can be derived from appreciation in the value of the asset itself, referred to as capital gains, or as income provided to the owner of the asset.
Investment management
 The process of investing in securities can be visualized in terms of three problems. The first problem is choice—which of the individual assets will be acquired. The second problem is allocation—how the assets will be combined into a portfolio. The final problem is one of timing—how to respond to changing market conditions. This description is helpful in understanding the process, but in practice all three problems are interrelated and must be solved together.
See more on Portfolio of Investments
 The impact of foreign investment is complex and unclear. Fears of loss of economic sovereignty are sometimes countered by noting that foreign investment, though involving large sums, is still only a very small portion of the U.S. economy. The tall levels of foreign investment (FI) led to concerns about a loss of control over "economic sovereignty", or domestic economic activity, and the effect of foreign ownership on national security. On a global basis, and over a long time, a free flow of capital is beneficial since it promotes an efficient allocation of resources. For shorter periods, and within a given country or region, the impact is mixed. Read more about
foreign investment.
 Foreign direct investment (FDI) is characterized as a long-range investment by a foreign direct investor in an enterprise resident in an economy other than that in which the foreign direct investor is based. The Foreign Direct Investment interrelation, consists of a parent enterprise and a foreign affiliate which together form a transnational corporation (TNC).
In order to qualify as Foreign Direct Investment the investment must afford the parent enterprise control over its foreign affiliate. Different kinds of fdi: Greenfield Investments, Brownfield Investments, Mergers and Acquisitions. Exist and another kinds of fdi .
The Eclectic Theory was evolved by John Dunning, emeritus professor at the Rutgers University (United States) and University of Reading (United Kingdom). The OLI Paradigm is a mix of 3 various theories of foreign direct investment, that concentrating on a various question.
Multinational corporation (MNC) – a large company with plants or other direct investment in one or more foreign countries. It is also called an international corporation or a transnational corporation. Typically, the multinationals have operated in developing countries, where they provide technology, finance capital, and marketing skills in return for a profitable market. But even advanced industrial nations may be the scenes of investment by multinational companies. The power that multinationals can exert over foreign governments has been the target of criticism, but many host countries have imposed regulations that have given them a larger share of profits, jobs, and markets. List of Multinational Corporations
Long-term Investments:
Gold, symbol Au, is a soft, bright yellow, metallic element. Gold currency code - XAU, number - 959. Because of its beauty and because it does not corrode or tarnish, it has been valued by man since prehistoric times. It was particularly important to early man because it could be obtained as a free metal without complex separation techniques. Furthermore, it could be easily worked. In fact, gold has the best working qualities of any metal.
Gold as an investment
 Silver is a lustrous, white, corrosion-resistant metallic element. Outstanding properties of silver include its great electrical and thermal conductivity. Its symbol, Ag, is an abbreviation of the Latin name for the element, argentum, while the common name is derived from the Anglo-Saxon seolfor. Silver was one of the metals known to ancient civilizations, along with gold, copper, iron, tin, lead, and mercury. The most important use of silver is as a monetary metal, both in the form of bullion and in coins. Sterling and plated silver are widely used in tableware and in jewelry. Read more about Silver.
 The name diamond derives from the ancient Greek adamas ("invincible"). They have been treasured as gemstones since their use as religious icons in ancient India and usage in engraving tools also dates to early human history. Popularity of diamonds has risen since the 19th century because of increased supply, improved cutting and polishing techniques, growth in the world economy, and innovative and successful advertising campaigns. They are commonly judged by the "four Cs": carat, clarity, color, and cut.
Diamond prices vary widely depending on a diamond's carat, color, clarity, cut and shape. Unlike for precious metals, there is no universal world price per gram for diamonds.
The rough (uncut) diamond market consists of three very different segments - "gem", "near-gem" and "industrial".
Read about legendarry Famous Diamonds!
And also you must read some information about Diamonds Clarity. Because, Clarity is one of the four Cs of diamond grading, the others being carat, color, and cut.
 List and small previews of Famous Diamond Companies in our days:
- Alrosa Co. Ltd
- De Beers Groop
- BHP Billiton
- Endiama E.P.
- Debswana Company (Pty) Ltd
- Aber Diamond Corporation
- others.
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